War both reduced and increased inequality over the past 10,000 years

Vista sencilla de ítem
dc.creatorMcCoy, Mark D.
dc.creatorBirch, Jennifer
dc.creatorChirikure, Shadreck
dc.creatorCruz, Pablo
dc.creatorGreen, Adam S.
dc.creatorGronenborn, Detlef
dc.creatorLawrence, Dan
dc.creatorRoscoe, Paul
dc.date2025-04
dc.date.accessioned2026-02-25T20:21:17Z
dc.date.available2026-02-25T20:21:17Z
dc.descriptionScholars are divided over the long-term effects that war has had on inequality. Some have argued that conflict grows the gap between rich and poor. Others counter that violence levels out wealth differences. The GINI Project Database is a large global sample of archaeological data on house sizes created to investigate what factors influenced economic inequality over long periods of time, including warfare. Over 39,000 individual residential units were coded as having fortifications present or absent, with about a third in fortified settlements (n = 13,372) and two-thirds in unfortified settlements (n = 25,897). We compared residential disparity (differences in residential unit sizes within a settlement) at sites around the world (n = 770) dating as far back as 10,000 y ago. We found strong support for the expectation that conflict was linked with increasing residential disparity (i.e., wealth inequality), specifically when governance was less collective and the main factor limiting agricultural production was available land. However, we also found long periods, especially in the earliest eras represented in the database, when fortified settlements had residential disparity less than or equal to unfortified settlements. These early societies tended to be more collective with available labor limiting agricultural production. We speculate that in these communities, the relative value of coalition building was higher, whereas in cases where conflict was associated with rising residential disparity, elites found a way to leverage their wealth to protect property. These contradictory models help explain why war co-occurs with increasing inequality in some cases and decreasing inequality in others.
dc.descriptionFil: McCoy, Mark D.. Florida State University; Estados Unidos
dc.descriptionFil: Birch, Jennifer. University of Georgia; Estados Unidos
dc.descriptionFil: Chirikure, Shadreck. University of Oxford; Reino Unido
dc.descriptionFil: Cruz, Pablo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Unidad Ejecutora en Ciencias Sociales Regionales y Humanidades. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Unidad Ejecutora en Ciencias Sociales Regionales y Humanidades; Argentina
dc.descriptionFil: Green, Adam S.. University of York; Reino Unido
dc.descriptionFil: Gronenborn, Detlef. Leibniz-zentrum Fur Archaologie; Alemania
dc.descriptionFil: Lawrence, Dan. University of Durham; Reino Unido
dc.descriptionFil: Roscoe, Paul. University Of Maine;
dc.formatapplication/pdf
dc.formatapplication/pdf
dc.identifierhttp://hdl.handle.net/11336/265914
dc.identifierMcCoy, Mark D.; Birch, Jennifer; Chirikure, Shadreck; Cruz, Pablo; Green, Adam S.; et al.; War both reduced and increased inequality over the past 10,000 years; National Academy of Sciences; Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of The United States of America; 122; 16; 4-2025; 1-8
dc.identifier0027-8424
dc.identifierCONICET Digital
dc.identifierCONICET
dc.identifier.urihttps://ri.unju.edu.ar/handle/123456789/343
dc.languageeng
dc.publisherNational Academy of Sciences
dc.relationinfo:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2400695121
dc.relationinfo:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1073/pnas.2400695121
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rightshttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ar/
dc.subjectWEALTH INEQUALITY
dc.subjectWARFARE
dc.subjectGINI COEFFICIENT
dc.subjectFORTIFICATIONS
dc.subjecthttps://purl.org/becyt/ford/6.1
dc.subjecthttps://purl.org/becyt/ford/6
dc.titleWar both reduced and increased inequality over the past 10,000 years
dc.typeinfo:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.typeinfo:ar-repo/semantics/artículo
dc.typeinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Archivos
CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 Excepto donde se diga explícitamente, este ítem se publica bajo la siguiente licencia: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)
Colecciones
Artículos científicos(UECISOR)